Whether the U.S. Air Force (USAF) requires a larger, modern fighter force is no longer an open question—it does. China's military is on track to have the largest fighter force in the world, surpassing the United States in comparative numbers within this decade. This represents a dangerous shift in the global military balance. At the same time, instability from Eastern Europe to the Middle East and the Indo-Pacific continues to drive demand for advanced American airpower. While Operation Epic Fury results over Iran to date are impressive, the sca le and scope of that conflict pales in comparison to what we would require for a larger conflict. The Air Force's fighter inventory has shrunk over 60 percent since the end of the Cold War and has been flown relentlessly in combat ever since. Today those aircraft—and their crews—are worn hard. Yet missions such as air superiority and strike remain central to deterrence and warfighting as evidenced by recent results over Iran. If ...