China vows to ‘forcefully counter’ provocations and US arms sales as military drills encircle Taiwan

On relations with Washington - "the world's most important bilateral relationship" - Wang said China had experienced "ups and downs" but maintained overall stability.

He also said the direction of ties would shape global peace and development.

"Whether China and the US can achieve mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation is the key to whether the relationship can develop steadily and benefit the world," Wang said, adding that Beijing remained firm on issues involving China's core interests while remaining open to dialogue and cooperation.

Wang also said China would play a more proactive role in shaping global order and governance, emphasising Beijing's concept of building a "community with a shared future for mankind".

China would oppose hegemonism and power politics, promote multilateralism and work towards a more "just and reasonable" international order, with the United Nations at its core, Wang said.

The past year has demonstrated that China's neighbourhood diplomacy was focused on development and cooperation, he added, arguing that ties with Beijing brought benefits rather than instability.

"Being China's neighbour is a good thing," Wang said. "China does not pursue geopolitical rivalry, does not build spheres of influence, and does not practise one-man rule, but consults with all parties."